What condition is caused by inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord?

Meningitis is the condition that occurs due to the inflammation of the protective membranes, known as the meninges, that surround the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can result from various causes, such as viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, and can lead to symptoms including severe headaches, fever, neck stiffness, and sensitivity to light.

The correct identification of meningitis is essential because it specifically describes the inflammatory process affecting the meninges. This condition can pose serious health risks, and its early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.

Understanding the nature of meningitis also helps differentiate it from other conditions. For instance, cerebrospinal fluid leakage pertains to a specific fluid-related issue rather than inflammation. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system but does not specifically involve the inflammation of the meninges. Encephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain itself, rather than the protective membranes surrounding the brain. Each of these conditions has distinct characteristics and implications, making it important to correctly identify meningitis as the answer.