What does the term "epoch" refer to in EEG practice?

In EEG practice, the term "epoch" refers to a specific division of time that is used for analysis of the recorded brain activity. An epoch is typically a segment of continuous EEG data that has been extracted for the purpose of focused examination, such as assessing specific brainwave patterns or responding to particular stimuli.

Using epochs allows researchers and clinicians to analyze segments of EEG data in a more manageable and detailed manner, facilitating the study of event-related potentials or specific brain activity associated with tasks or stimuli. By breaking down the continuous data into smaller time windows, it becomes easier to observe and evaluate cognitive processes and physiological responses within those time frames.

The concept of an epoch contrasts with a continuous time period of recording, which encompasses the entire duration of EEG activity without interruption. While a single point in time might be relevant in certain analyses, it does not provide the sort of temporal context that an epoch does. Similarly, an overall summary of data would not capture the nuances present in specific time intervals that are essential for detailed analysis.