What is the ability of the EEG instrument to output the voltage difference between two inputs to a single channel called?

The ability of the EEG instrument to output the voltage difference between two inputs to a single channel is known as differential amplification. This process is crucial in EEG technology because it allows the instrument to focus on the electrical activity of the brain by amplifying the signals that are of interest, while simultaneously rejecting noise and interference that may be common to both inputs.

In EEG, electrodes are placed on the scalp to measure electrical activity, and often there are two electrodes that record signals from different locations. Differential amplification is what enables the EEG to effectively compare the signals from these electrodes, capturing the differences that reflect brain activity while ignoring artifacts that may affect both electrodes similarly. This is essential for producing clear and clinically relevant EEG readings.

The other terms, while related to signal processing, refer to different concepts. Common mode rejection pertains to the EEG's ability to filter out noise that is common to both inputs. Voltage gain refers to the amplification factor of the signal, while bandwidth limitation relates to the frequency range over which the EEG can accurately measure signals. Each of these aspects is important in the overall functioning of EEG technology, but they describe different technical characteristics compared to differential amplification.