What primarily causes multi-infarct dementia?

Multi-infarct dementia primarily results from vascular disease, specifically due to multiple small strokes or infarcts in the brain. These strokes disrupt blood flow, leading to damage in various regions, particularly in areas responsible for memory and cognition. The cumulative effect of these small, often unnoticed strokes can accumulate over time, leading to a gradual decline in cognitive functions and the characteristic features of multi-infarct dementia.

Although other types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, stem from neurodegenerative processes, multi-infarct dementia distinctly arises from vascular-related issues, affirming that vascular disease is the underlying cause in these cases. Understanding the role of vascular health and managing risks like hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol is essential for preventing or mitigating the progression of multi-infarct dementia.