Which disease is characterized by personality changes and listlessness following a viral infection?

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Reye's syndrome is a critical illness that can occur in children and teenagers, typically following a viral infection, most commonly influenza or chickenpox. This syndrome is characterized by a combination of external symptoms such as vomiting, confusion, and lethargy, alongside significant neurological manifestations. The personality changes and listlessness described are due to the swelling of the brain (encephalopathy) and liver dysfunction that characterize Reye’s syndrome. The specific link between a recent viral infection and subsequent neurological symptoms makes it distinctive.

The other conditions listed involve different mechanisms and clinical presentations. Rasmussen's encephalitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the brain leading to seizures and cognitive decline, mostly not directly associated with preceding viral infections. Sturge-Weber syndrome is a congenital neurological disorder linked to facial capillary malformations and does not typically develop after a viral infection. Horner's syndrome results from disruptions in nerve pathways and is not associated with personality changes or viral infections. Thus, Reye's syndrome is the correct option due to its distinct features of personality changes and listlessness following a viral illness.

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