Which infection is most likely to cause headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, coma, and death?

The symptoms of headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, coma, and potential death are indicative of a severe central nervous system infection, particularly meningitis. Meningitis involves inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which can typically be caused by viral or bacterial infections.

Fever and headache are common initial symptoms, while nuchal rigidity, or stiffness of the neck, is a classic sign due to irritation of the meninges. As the condition progresses, it can lead to more severe outcomes such as altered mental status, coma, and even death if not promptly treated. The acute nature and potential for rapid deterioration in meningitis make it a critical condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Encephalitis, although it may also present with similar symptoms, is primarily characterized by inflammation of the brain itself rather than the meninges, which can lead to different clinical presentations. Brain abscesses can cause headaches and fever as well, but they typically do not present with nuchal rigidity as a prominent feature, and the clinical course may differ significantly. Sinusitis, while it can cause headaches, rarely presents with the severe systemic symptoms seen in meningitis.