Which neurological syndrome is characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements due to long-term use of neuroleptic drugs?

Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements that often emerge after prolonged use of neuroleptic medications, which are typically prescribed for mental health conditions such as schizophrenia. This syndrome manifests as abnormal, jerky movements, often affecting the face, tongue, and limbs, making it distinct from other movement disorders. The symptoms can vary in severity and can be persistent, even after the discontinuation of the offending medication.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, while also related to the use of neuroleptic drugs, primarily presents with severe muscle rigidity, fever, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction rather than the involuntary movements seen in tardive dyskinesia. Multiple sclerosis is a central nervous system disorder that leads to various neurological symptoms but is not associated with drug-induced movement disorders. Parkinsonism can involve tremors and rigidity but is characterized by a different underlying mechanism and is not specifically linked to neuroleptic medication use.